System Analysis and Design (MC161) : April 2007

Section A : Basic Concepts (30 Marks)
This section consists of questions with serial number 1 - 30.
Answer all questions.
Each question carries one mark.
Maximum time for answering Section A is 30 Minutes.
1. What category of information system determines the sale of an item and a withdrawal from an ATM?
(a) Management Information System
(b) Executive Information System
(c) Decision Support System
(d) Communication Support System
(e) Transaction Processing System.
2. Which of the following is not true regarding the waterfall method?
(a) Fairly rigid approach
(b) Can easily go back to previous phases
(c) Good for traditional type of projects
(d) Not as good for many of the new types of interactive and highly complex applications
(e) This approach is less used now.
3. Which feasibility determines the availability of team and support staff?
(a) Economic Feasibility
(b) Cultural Feasibility
(c) Technological Feasibility
(d) Schedule feasibility
(e) Resource Feasibility.
4. Which among the following is an intangible benefit?
(a) Maintaining constant staff
(b) Decreasing operating expenses
(c) Survival
(d) Reducing error rates
(e) Ensuring quicker processing and turnabout.
5. Which chart is represented by vertical bars?
(a) PERT (b) ROI (c) GANTT (d) NPV (e) CPM.
6. Which of the model is used for system components?
(a) PERT chart (b) Gantt chart (c) Organizational hierarchy chart (d) CPM (e) DFD.
7. Which is not used in context level diagram?
(a) Source (b) Destination (c) Data flow (d) Data Store (e) Process.
8. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
I. Program modules should be loosly coupled.
II. Program modules should be highly cohesive.
III. Program modules should be highly coupled.
(a) Only (I) above
(b) Only (II) above
(c) Only (III) above
(d) Both (I) and (II) above
(e) Both (I) and (III) above.
9. Which of the following is not a resource for setting JAD sessions?
(a) Overhead projector (b) Black or white board (c) Flip chart (d) Adequate work space
(e) All of the above.
10. What will help the system analyst to work with users to determine system usage?
(a) Use case (b) Actor (c) Class (d) Component (e) Package.
11. Which UML diagram provides a variety of symbols and encompasses a number of ideas, all to model the changes which just one object goes through?
(a) Package (b) Object (c) State (d) Class (e) Use Case.
12. Which relationship specifies an optional behavior?
(a) A generalization (b) An inheritance (c) An include (d) An aggregation (e) An extend.
13. Which among the following literally means ‘many forms’, the concept that different objects can respond to the same message in different ways?
(a) Composition (b) Encapsulation (c) Polymorphism (d) Aggregation (e) Inheritance.
14. What do you call, “where the Objects hide their inner workings of their operations from the outside world and from other objects”?
(a) Composition (b) Encapsulation (c) Generalization (d) Polymorphism (e) An object.
15. Which of the following statement is not correct regarding Object Oriented Methodologies?
(a) Gane and Sarson, Shlaer Mellor and Extreme Programming are object oriented
methodologies
(b) RUP activities emphasize the creation and maintenance of models rather than paper
documents
(c) Establishment of the project plan and the architecture is done during the Elaboration phase of
RUP
(d) During the Elaboration phase, the focus turns towards analysis and design
(e) During inception, it is common to create an executable prototype that serves as a proof of
concept.
16. Which of the statement(s) is/are true in relation to Object Oriented concepts?
I. Encapsulation states that when designing an object, one should separate what he knows about
theobject according to the following:
The minimum information needed to use the object.
The information required to make the object work properly.
II. In polymorphism an operation can have the same name in different classes, and proceed
differently in each class.
III. Objects communicate with each other through message interactions.
(a) Only (I) above
(b) Both (I) and (II) above
(c) Both (I) and (III) above
(d) Both (II) and (III) above
(e) All (I), (II) and (III) above.
17. Which of the statement(s) is/are correct related to UML 2.0.?
I. Composite Structure Diagram, Interaction Overview Diagram and Timing Diagram are new in
UML 2.0.
II. A composite structure diagram shows the components of a class as a diagram nested inside a large
class rectangle.
III. UML 2.0 takes the interface concept a step further by allowing one to model the connection
between an interface and a class.
(a) Only (I) above
(b) Both (I) and (II) above
(c) Both (I) and (III) above
(d) Both (II) and (III) above
(e) All (I), (II) and (III) above.
18. Which of the following is not correct regarding diagrams in UML 2.0?
(a) A Sequence diagram is called a communication diagram in UML 2.0
(b) Component diagrams are implementation-type diagrams which are used to graphicallyshow the
physical architecture of the software of the system
(c) One can frame a sequence diagram by surrounding it with a border and adding a compartment in
the upper left corner to contain information that identifies the diagram.
(d) Framing gives one a quick and easy way to reuse a part of a sequence diagram in another
(e) A sequence diagram shows the sequence of messages exchanged between the objectsneeded to carry out the functionality of the scenario.
19. Which of the statement(s) is/are correct related to UML 2.0.?
I. Time is represented in a sequence diagram in the vertical direction starting at the top and
progressing towards the bottom.
II. A Communication diagram is another way of presenting the information in a sequenc diagram.
III. The Communication diagram shows the associations among objects as well as the messages which pass from one object to another.
(a) Only (I) above
(b) Only (II) above
(c) Both (I) and (II) above
(d) Both (I) and (III) above
(e) All (I), (II) and (III) above.
20. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct in relation to role names in associations between two classes?
I. Role names have to be used with association names.
II. If there is a relationship between Company and Person then one could use Employee or Employer as role names to convey an employment relationship.
III. The role name is placed on the association near the class that it modifies.
(a) Only (III) above
(b) Both (I) and (II) above
(c) Both (I) and (III) above
(d) Both (II) and (III) above
(e) All (I), (II) and (III) above.
21. Which of the statement(s) is/are correct related to role/rolenames in associations?
I. When one class associates with another, each one usually plays a role within that association.
II. A Role name may be placed on one or both ends of an association line.
III. If Company and Person are two classes in a class diagram that has an association relationship, One could use an association name called “employs” or the role names of “Employer” and “Employee” to convey an employment relationship.
(a) Only (I) above
(b) Both (I) and (II) above
(c) Both (I) and (III) above
(d) Both (II) and (III) above
(e) All (I), (II) and (III) above.
22. Some questions related to UML followed by possible answers are given below.
I. What does it mean for a Use Case to include another Use Case? Including a Use Case means that one Use Case incorporates the steps of another Use Case.
II. How do you represent an object’s lifeline in a sequence diagram? The lifeline is a dashed line
descending from an object that represents the existence over time of An object.
III. Which of the following UML diagrams give a static view of a system? Class, Object, Use Case,
State, Sequence Only Class, Object and Use Case Diagrams.
Which of the above question-answer combinations is/are valid?
(a) Only (III) above
(b) Both (I) and (II) above
(c) Both (I) and (III) above
(d) Both (II) and (III) above
(e) All (I), (II) and (III) above.
23. Which of the following shows the top level function defined to cover the scope of the application?
(a) Context diagram (b) Decision table (c) Data flow diagram (d) Flow charting (e) Psuedocode.
24. Which of the following is/are not considered as benefit(s) of prototyping?
(a) Provide rapid feedback from the user to the designer
(b) Help validate requirements with fewer errors
(c) Enhance designer and user understanding of what system should accomplish
(d) System testing can be automated
(e) All of the above.
25. A data store is represented in data flow diagram as
(a) Rectangle (b) Square (c) Open rectangle (d) Open square (e) Ellipse.
26.the symbol represents
(a) Aggregation (b) Generalization (c) Dependency (d) Composition (e) Association.
27. Whole Part or Composition relationship represents
(a) Aggregation (b) Inheritance (c) Polymorphism (d) Stereotype (e) Association.
28. Which of the following represents a person or palce or thing about which some information is gathered?
(a) Entity (b) Attribute (c) Data Store (d) Data flow (e) Data dictionary.
29. Who is not involved in Requirements definition?
(a) Client managers (b) System end-users (c) Client engineers (d) Contractor managers (e) Software developers.
30. Which cohesion operates on the same input or output data?
(a) Communicational (b) Temporal (c) Procedural (d) Functional (e) Object.
Section B : Problems (50 Marks)
This section consists of questions with serial number 1 – 5.
Answer all questions.
Marks are indicated against each question.
Detailed workings should form part of your answer.
Do not spend more than 110 - 120 minutes on Section B.
1. a. Explain briefly the waterfall system development lifecycle model?
b. In systems thinking, the principle of complementarity suggests that different stakeholders are likely
to tell you different things about a system they observe. Explain the principle and state the
circumstances to which it applies. Why is it hard to eliminate complementarity?
(7 + 3 = 10 marks)
2. a. Operational feasibility refers to the likelihood that the proposed system, if built, can actually be
used by its intended users to solve the original problem.What types of issues can affect the
operational feasibility of a proposed system?
b. What are coupling and cohesion, and why are they important in software design? Suggest
measurable properties of a software design that can be used as indicators of the amount of coupling
and cohesion?
(5 + 5 = 10 marks)
3. Draw a Use Case Diagram for a voting machine, on which voters can see a list of candidates and select
one to vote for. The machine should check that each voter is eligible to vote. The electoral registrar will
also want to print a summary of the total votes for each candidate, and (separately) a list of the voters
who have voted, and a list of those who haven’t. In case of a dispute, the machine should also list a
complete record of who voted for whom, but only a judge can use this function.
(10 marks)
4. A hockey league is made up of at least four hockey teams. Each hockey team is composed of six to
twelve players, and one player captains the team. A team has a name and a record. Players have a number
and a position. Hockey teams play games against each other. Each game has a score and a location.
Teams are sometimes lead by a coach. A coach has a level of accreditation and a number of years of
experience, and can coach multiple teams. Coaches and players are people, and people have names and
addresses.
Draw a class diagram for this information and be sure to label all associations with appropriate
multiplicities.
(10 marks)
5. A customer selects a video to rent. If the customer is an existing customer, then the clerk must check for
late charges, and if there are late charges, then the customer must pay them. If the customer is new, then
he must fill out a membership application, while the clerk prepares the membership card. The customer
pays for the video. The clerk gives the video to the customer.
Draw an activity diagram for this information and be sure to include swim lanes.
(10 marks)
Section C : Applied Theory (20 Marks)
This section consists of questions with serial number 7 - 9.
Answer all questions.
Marks are indicated against each question.
6. What are the guidelines to draw data flow diagrams?
(10 marks)
7. What are the key benefits of prototyping?
(10 marks)
Suggested Answers
1. Answer : (e)
Reason: TPS capture and record information about the transactions that affect the organization like the sale of an
item, a withdrawal from ATM etc.
2. Answer : (b)
Reason: Can’t easily go back to previous phases as each phase would get “signed off”.
3. Answer : (e)
Reason: Resource feasibility determines availability of team, computer resources, and support staff.
4. Answer : (c)
Reason: Maintaining Constant staff, decreasing operating expenses, reducing error rates and ensuring quicker
processing and turnabout fall into the category of tangible costs which can be measured in terms of
money whereas survival cant me measured.
5. Answer : (c)
Reason: PERT/CPM is represented by rectangles whereas ROI and NPV are Return on investment and net
present value.
6. Answer : (e)
Reason: Models to manage the development process are:
� PERT / CPM chart
� Gantt chart
� Organizational hierarchy chart
Whereas DFD model is used for system components.
7. Answer : (d)
Reason: In context level diagram data store is not used.
8. Answer : (e)
Reason: Program modules should be loosly coupled and highly cohesive.
9. Answer : (e)
Reason: Usually JAD sessions are conducted in special rooms, Off-site location may be good, but need access
(phone etc.) to executives and technical staff not present. Resources required are Overhead projector,
Black or white board, Flip chart, adequate work space.
10. Answer : (a)
Reason: System analyst uses use case to work with users to determine system usage.
11. Answer : (c)
Reason: State diagram encompasses a number of ideas to model the changes which just one object goes through.
12. Answer : (e)
Reason: An extend relationship specifies an optional behavior.
13. Answer : (c)
Reason: Polymorphism mean many forms that is different objects can respond to the same message in different
ways.
14. Answer : (b)
Reason: In Encapsulation the Objects hide their inner workings of their operations from the outside world and
from other objects
15. Answer : (a)
Reason: Gane and sarson shaler mellor discussed on structured aspects rather than on object oriented
programming methodologies.
16. Answer : (e)
Reason: All the statements are related to object oriented technologies.
17. Answer : (e)
Reason: All the statements are related to UML 2.0
18. Answer : (a)
Reason: Sequence diagram is a part of interactive diagram.
19. Answer : (e)
Reason: All are appropriate statements with respect to uml 2.0.
20. Answer : (c)
Reason: Roles names may or may not be used with associations names.
21. Answer : (e)
Reason: All the above statements are related to Role/Role names in associations.
22. Answer : (c)
Reason: Class diagrams and use case diagrams give static behavior whereas state and sequence diagrams show
behavioral aspects of the system
23. Answer : (a)
Reason: Context diagram shows the top level function of the application.
24. Answer : (d)
Reason: System testing can be automated is not considered as benefit of prototyping.
25. Answer : (c)
Reason: Open rectangle is used to represent the data store.
26. Answer : (b)
Reason: Generalization is the apt choice.
27. Answer : (a)
Reason: Aggregation represents whole part or composition relationship.
28. Answer : (a)
Reason: Entity is a person or place or thing about which some information is gathered.
29. Answer : (e)
Reason: Software developers are involved in requirements specifications.
30. Answer : (a)
Reason: Communicational cohesion operated on the same input or output data.